Cites convention pdf montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. R22 phase out timetable for developing countries 2030 total ban of r22 2025 67. Montreal protocol sustainable development knowledge platform. Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the. Frequently asked questions and answers about the montreal protocol it includes information on general ozone science, policies and regulations, and future ozone protection. The montreal protocol aims at completely phasing out the production and use of these substances and unido is supporting a large number of countries to achieve this goal. The montreal protocols kigali amendment and associated energy efficiency efforts are at the leading edge of the tripleheaded climate strategy that is needed to meet the paris goals, as laid out in the recent report well below 2 degrees.
Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that. May 24, 2016 the tokyo convention was said to be out of date, ineffective and too easily avoided to empower airlines to take remedial actions against unruly passengers per iatas joint position calling for states to ratify the montreal protocol 2014 to deter unruly passenger incidents and promote a safer air travel experience for all, page 1. Frequently asked questions and answers the 20th anniversary of the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer general science questions 1 what is the ozone layer and where is it in the atmosphere. Montreal protocol wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Study guides guides are on other pages study guide montreal protocol 4full text study guide montreal protocol general overview study guide presentation of mp4 by michael s. As a result, the ozone layer is recovering, and experts project that it. It has been since then exerting enormous efforts to meet its obligations under the convention and the protocol. The parties to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer reached agreement at their 28th meeting of the parties on 15 october 2016 in kigali, rwanda to phasedown. As a result, amending the montreal protocol to phase down hfcs is the single most effective thing we can do in the near term to avert dangerous climate change. Twentyseventh meeting of the parties to the montreal. Environment budget, policy and laws the official portal.
The main objective of the multilateral fund for the implementation of the montreal protocol is to assist developing country parties to the montreal protocol whose annual per capita consumption and production of ozone depleting substances ods is less than 0. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, 16 sept. Energy efficiency the uae has launched several innovative programs to increase energy efficiency that include. The uaes response to climate change the official portal. For the treatment of cerebral vasospasm, current therapies have focused on increasing blood flow through blood pressure augmentation, hypervolemia, the use of intraarterial vasodilators, and angioplasty of proximal cerebral vessels. The fund, which is being hosted in montreal by canada, is celebrating its 25th anniversary this year. The multilateral fund for the implementation of the montreal protocol provides funds to help developing countries to phase out the use of ozonedepleting substances. In canada and around the world, the montreal protocol regulates the production and consumption of almost 100 substances that deplete the ozone layer, the earths atmospheric.
On sunday, 1 november 2015, iisd reporting services, through its enb meeting coverage, covered the 27th meeting of the parties to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, which is taking place from 1 to 5 november 2015, from dubai, united arab emirates uae. Odss are also greenhouse gases that contribute to the radiative forcing of climate change. Chlorofluorocarbons cfc11, cfc12, cfc1, cfc114 and cfc115 36 annex a group ii. Montreal cognitive assessment moca date month year day place city contour numbers hands 4 or 5 correct subtractions. The montreal protocol has succeeded in halting the damage to the ozone layer, and is helping the world take a major step forward in the battle against climate change.
Countries agree to use montreal protocol to cut hfcs for. Climate action the official portal of the uae government. Protocol is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the signatory states. It went into effect in 1987, first targeting cfcs, then hcfcs. The conrad hotel sheikh zayed road dubai, united arab emirates tel. Protection of the ozone layer, it is the most universally ratified multilateral environmental agreement.
The uae is hosting mop 27 in line with its commitment to and support for the vienna convention, the montreal protocol, and other regional and international environmental efforts. It was designed to stop the production and import of ozone depleting substances and reduce their concentration in the atmosphere to. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer 6 a whether any substances, and if so which, should be added to or removed from any annex to this protocol, and b the mechanism, scope and timing of the control measures that should apply to those substances. The tokyo convention was said to be out of date, ineffective and too easily avoided to empower airlines to take remedial actions against unruly passengers per iatas joint position calling for states to ratify the montreal protocol 2014 to deter unruly passenger incidents and promote a safer air travel experience for all, page 1. The ozone layer is a part of the earths atmosphere that has relatively high levels of ozone o3. This paper gives an overview of the many ways in which both treaty systems. The general public did not originally accept the idea of a hole in the ozone layer yet over time, it gradually became viewed as.
The uae acceded to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer and the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer in 1989. Bahrain, india, iran, iraq, kuwait, oman, pakistan, qatar, saudi arabia, and the united arab emirates. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer pdf 736kb plain language summary the montreal protocol is the international agreement that ensures the protection of the earths ozone layer through the global phaseout of ozonedepleting substances ods. Ozone is a gas that is naturally present in our atmosphere, and it is found. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer montreal protocol is an international agreement. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone. Today the montreal protocol is still seen as a model of an innovative and dynamic response made possible by the concerted efforts of a wide range of stakeholders such as scientists, policymakers, economists, engineers, and lawyers. Turning 30 this month, the montreal protocol was a landmark environmental success that serves as a model for addressing other problems, although it also has some unfinished business. Open for signature in montreal on 16 september 1987, in ottawa from17 september 1987 to 16 january 1988 and at united.
The ozonaction fact sheet kigali amendment to the montreal protocol. The montreal protocol is an international environmental agreement with universal ratification to protect the earths ozone layer by eliminating use of ozone depleting substances ods, which would otherwise allow increased uv radiation to reach the earth, resulting in higher incidence of skin cancers and eye cataracts, morecompromised immune systems, and negative. The montreal protocol in 2010 maximizing climate benefits from ozone protection are already converting to hfcs, it is likely that only half of the. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer as adjusted andor amended in. Environment budget, policy and laws the official portal of. Saudi arabia, the uae, and iraq, and testing of prototypes was held in the.
The highlevel segment opened in the morning, where delegates heard statements from, inter alia, rashid ahmed mohammed bin fahad, minister of environment and water, uae, and achim steiner. Costs and benefits of montreal protocol to the united states in billions of 1985 dollars no controls montreal protocol unilateral implementation of montreal protocol by the united states benefits 3,575 1,373 costs 21 21 net benefits 3,554 1,352. Montreal protocol, formally montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, international treaty, adopted in montreal on sept. The uae minister of environment and water, in a speech during the meeting said that the hosting by the united arab emirates of the 27 th meeting of the parties to the montreal protocol in dubai translates the tireless efforts of the uae and its commitment to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer and the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer and its. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page.
The montreal protocol has been and continues to be a clear and resounding success. Arabic, chinese, english, french, russian and spanish. The parties to this protocol, being parties to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer with annex. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Sep 25, 2017 turning 30 this month, the montreal protocol was a landmark environmental success that serves as a model for addressing other problems, although it also has some unfinished business. Copyright 2008 environmental law institute, washington, dc. Environment director urges uae to phase out all ozonedepleting substances. Initially signed by 46 countries, the treaty now has nearly 200 signatories. Beyond this it will be possible to make 100% conversions to lowgwp alternatives at each stepdown, except the last where between 1015% of.
The montreal protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. Now therefore i, name and title of the head of state, head of government or minister for foreign affairs, declare that the government of name of state, having considered the. It provides financial and technical support for developing countries to comply with the montreal protocols obligations. The twentyseventh meeting of the parties to the montreal protocol will be held from 1 to 5 november 2015. Through a large case series, we present our experience of treating cerebral vasospasm with a protocol based on maintenance of homeostasis correction of. Hfc phasedown the parties to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Environment director urges uae to phase out all ozone. Extensive negotiations in the united arab emirates uae from 1 to 5 november led to a dubai pathway that aims towards an hfc amendment in 2016. Montreal protocol sustainable development knowledge. By hosting the gathering, the country also aims to increase the awareness of local and international communities regarding their role in ozone layer protection.
Vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer. The penultimate day of the twentyseventh meeting of the parties to the montreal protocol mop 27 convened on wednesday, 4 november 2015, in dubai, uae. The montreal protocol demonstrated that nations can come together to successfully design and implement effective environmental legislation. The 1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a landmark agreement that has successfully reduced the global production, consumption, and emissions of ozonedepleting substances odss. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer and. Korea, saudi arabia, singapore and the uae were not classified as article 5 parties. To be signed by the head of state, head of government. Both meetings will be held in dubai, united arab emirates, at the following venue.
Universal ratification of the montreal protocol brochure. Environmental sustainability 117 the reduction of ozonedepleting substances the experience with the ozonedepletion problem is an encouraging example of the world. Nov 20, 2017 the montreal protocols kigali amendment and associated energy efficiency efforts are at the leading edge of the tripleheaded climate strategy that is needed to meet the paris goals, as laid out in the recent report well below 2 degrees. It was designed to stop the production and import of ozone depleting substances and reduce their concentration in the atmosphere to help protect the earths ozone layer. Fast action policies to protect people and the planet from extreme climate change, published by the. International day for the preservation of the ozone layer, 16. The uae imports gas through the dolphin gas project a qatari, uae, omani company with 51% ownership held by mubadala development company on behalf of abu dhabi which operates a gas pipeline transporting gas from qatar to the uae. As a result, in 1987, world leaders signed the montreal protocol, a global agreement for the phase. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in this article and.
In addition, it adopted the four amendments of the montreal protocol. Celebrating the 25th anniversary of the montreal protocol. The protocol divides countries into two classes based on their level of use of controlled substances. Cfcs were replaced with hcfcs, which have lower ozonedepletion. Since that time, continued scientific study has led to the strengthening of this protocol, which has now been ratified by 196 countries1 unep, 2009. Frequently asked questions and answers, montreal protocol 20th anniversary 3 with input from industry, environmental groups, other u. The importance of the montreal protocol in protecting climate. Unido plans, develops and implements national and sectorwide ozonedepleting substances ods phaseout plans in developing countries to ensure their compliance with the montreal protocol. Montreal protocol and its implications for climate change. Montreal protocol will be held on 29 and 30 october 2015.
Linkages between the montreal and kyoto protocols enhancing. Concluded at montreal on 16 sep tember 1987 authentic texts. The montreal protocols financial mechanism that includes a multilateral fund is the first of its kind to be established. It was agreed on 16th september 1987, and entered into force on 1st january 1989. It unifies all of the different international treaty regimes covering airline liability that had developed haphazardly since 1929. On offences and certain other acts committed on board aircraft montreal, 2014 the contracting states, noting that states have expressed their concern about the escalation of the severity and frequency of. Frequently asked questions and answers about the montreal. The international treaties for the protection of the ozone layer and the global climate are closely related. The montreal protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing.
Being parties to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone. Unidos montreal protocol division has a large number of technically oriented staff. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer montreal protocol is often cited as the most successful international environmental agreementhaving successfully forced the phaseout of more than ninetyeight percent of ozonedepleting substances ods, placing the ozone layer on the road to recovery by the end of the twentyfirst century. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer the montreal protocol is an international agreement made in 1987. One example of unidos interventions leading to climate impact, are projects focusing on the refrigeration servicing sector. Universal ratification of the montreal protocol brochure pdf 342. The uae government signed several conventions to protect the environment and alleviate the impacts of global climate change. Montreal protocol, but we simultaneously support industry, thus promoting and. In addition, the uae adopted the four amendments of the montreal protocol.
International day for the preservation of the ozone layer. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Hfcs are chemicals used in air conditioning, refrigeration, foams and aerosols as replacements for many ozonedepleting substances that are being phased out under the montreal protocol. The united nations estimates that global production of ozonedepleting substances has fallen 98% since ratification. Since 1992, unido has helped in the phasing out of more than onethird of ozonedepleting substances in the developing world. Whereas the said protocol was signed on behalf of the government of name of state on date. Montreal protocol approach to climate crisis the global. Mar 20, 2007 the 1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a landmark agreement that has successfully reduced the global production, consumption, and emissions of ozonedepleting substances odss. The secretariat for the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer and for the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the. Not only has the montreal protocol for the protection of the ozone layer served as a useful example in developing the international climate regime, but policies pursued in both issue areas influence each other. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is the most successful global environmental agreement in history. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone. The montreal convention 1999 mc99 establishes airline liability in the case of death or injury to passengers, as well as in cases of delay, damage or loss of baggage and cargo.
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